Fastening device



July 23, 1946. R. L. HALLOCK FASTENING DEVICE Filed Aug. 13, 1943 8 Sheets-Sheet l INVE TOR.

41; ATTORNEY July 23, 1946.

R. L. HALLOCK- 2,404,372

FASTENING DEVICE Filed Aug. 13, 1943 a She'e'ts-Sheet 2 I lzvwzzrok. v I 7 BY ATTORNEY July 23, 1946. R. HALLOCK FASTENING DEVICE Filed Aug. 1:5, 194s 8 Sheets'-Shet 4 Jul 23, 1946. R. L. HALLOCK 2,404,312

FASTENING DEV ICE Filed Aug. 13, 1943 8 Sheets-Sheet e July 23, 1946.

FASTENING DEVICE Filed Aug. 13, 1943 8 Sheets-Sheet 7 IEO BY ATTORNEY R. L. HALLOCK 2,404,372

R. L. ALLock FASTENING DEVICE Filed Aug. 13, 1943 8 Sheet'sSheet 8 Patented July 23, 1946 FASTENING DEVICE Robert Lay Hallock, Larchmont, N. Y., assignor to Elastic Stop Nut Corporation of America, Union, N. J a corporation of New Jersey ApplicationAugust 13, 1943, Serial No. 498,520

23 Claims. 1

This application is a continuation-in-part with respect to my copending application Serial No. 478,408, filed March 8, 1943, and as to subject matter common thereto constitutes a division thereof.

The present invention relates to fastening. devices and more particularly relates to fastening devices for joining two or'more bodies together by a screw threaded connection such as a bolt or screw and nut. Still more particularly the invention relates to such devices in which the fastening element, such as a nut, is to be held to a member made of softer material than that of the fastening device, as for example, plywood, plastic materials and the softer metals such as aluminum and magnesium and the alloys thereof, brass, etc.

The general object of the present invention is to provide a new and improved fastening device which may be firmly secured to a'body of softer material, and which will holdsecurely with relation thereto a fastening element such as a nut against all normally encountered torque and thrust stresses that may be imposed thereon. To this end the invention contemplates theprovision of an improved form of basket member which can be firmly secured to softer material, which will efiectively hold against axialor rotative displacement a nut or the like when a screw or bolt is threaded therethrough, which is relatively light in weight, whichwill prior to installation firmly but removably grip theifastening element with which it is intended to coact to-- thereby provide a fastening assembly or unit which can be shipped and handled as such prior to installation, which is capable ofbeing installed with or without the nut or fastening element being assembled therewith prior to installation, which -wi ll permit a defective fastening element to be removed after installation without permanent deformation of the basket so that a replacement fastening element can be, installed, which can readily and cheaply be manufactured from sheet material withminimum waste thereof by mass production methods, which requires that only a single aperture be provided in the body to-which it is to be attached, which can be securely. at-, tached'to very thin, plate structures as Welles to heavier bodies, which occupies minimum space and which may readilybe correctly installed by relatively inexperienced and unskilled labor with r r ensuing portion of this description taken in conadapted tobe attached to as little as a singleinstalling operation requiring no special tool. l t 7 Further and more detailed aspects of the inyen tion, together with the advantages to be, derived from its use, will appear more fully fromthe junction with the accompanying drawings in which: I v I Fig. 1 is a perspective view of an installed fastening unit embodying the invention, Figs. 2 and 3 are plan and sectional viewsrespectively of a stamping or blank for forming the basket member in accordance with a preferred method of manufacture,

I Figs. 4 and 5 are views corresponding to Figs. 2 and 3 respectively showing the blank after a second blanking operation, V 1

Figs. 6 and 7 are views corresponding to Figs. 2 and 3 respectively forming operation,

Figs. 8 and 9 are views correspondingtoFigs. 2 and 3 respectively showing the blank after a sec 0nd and final forming operation, I I

Figs. 10 and 11 are plan and end views respec-v tively of a fastening unit-comprising. a basket member and nut, withthe nut in a'prenmmar assembled position in the basket, Y

Figs. 12 and 13 are views corresponding res ctively to Figs. 10 and 11 showing the nut turned in the basket to an intermediate assembled .position, I

Fig. 14 is a plan view showing the basktlpo sitioned over an aperture in a body to which is tobe secured, a I Fig. 15 is a side view showing the unit after a preliminary settingoperation,

Fig. 16 is an end view, partly in sectionfiof the structureshown in Fig.

15, Figs. 17 and 18 are top and end-views respectively of the unit after the final setting operation, Fig. 19 is a section taken on .the line ,l9-l9 of Fig. 17, Figs. 20 and 21 are views similar to Figs. 2 and 3 respectively, showing a different form' of blank;

Fig. 22 is a view. of a blank for forming a basket I larly thin metal sheets,

Figs. 23 through 26 are fragmentarysectiorial metal bodies, particuviews showing a method'of shaping certain parts of the blank shown in Fig. 22, r Figs. 2'7 and 28 are elevation and plan views re,-

spectively of the basket'fo'rm'ed from the blank shown in Fig. 22,

Figs. 29 through 31 Figs. 27 and 28,

ent embodiment of; basket,

Fig..,33 isa plan view of a basket formed from 7 showing the blank after-a first;

are views showing the' ing stallation of a unit including the basketshown in 7 ready to be installed,

47 respectively,

Fig. 34 is a plan view of another form of basket,

Fig. 35 is a fragmentary sectional view of a unit embodying the basket shown in Fig. 34,

Fig. 36 is a plan view of a blank for still another form of a basket, 7

Fig. 37 is a sectional view of the blank after certain forming, operations thereon, V

Fig. 381s a view similar to Fig. S'Tshowingthe blank after a further shearing operation,

Fig. 39 is a top plan view of the basket in a semi-formed stage,

Figs; 40 and 41 are sections showing amethod of forming the hooks as shown in Fig. 39,

' in Figs. 2 and 4 to aid in the subsequent bending Fig. 42 is a view similar to Fig. 39 showing the I completed basket, r

Fig. 43 is a fragmentary section showing the unit comprising the basket and. a skirtlessnut'i 1 Fig. 44 is a view similar to Fig. 43 unit installed, V

Fig. 45* is a plan-view of a showing the ,1 Figs. 46 and 4'7 are fragmentary sections showing a method of forminghooks from the blank shown in liig. 45, 2 a

1 Figs. 48 and 491areplanviews of the basket member with the'hooks as shown in Figs. 46-and Figs. 50 and 51 are viewsof a'u'nitcompri'sing' b'asket memberand nutinpositions ready for installation" and installed; respectively, and Y 7 1 Fig. 52 is a fragmentary view illustrativeof a differentfinal positioniassumed by feet of the kind shown Figs; 45 to 51 i Fig. 1 shows in elevation and in installed position one form of fastening device embod ing the invention-andof a type adapted'to be secured to a body of relatively thick material; devicercomprisescamanchoring or basket member l8 secured ,to a sheet1l2 of plywood or other,ma-

teri'a'l' softer tharrthati'of'the member 1H} and; holding in operative pos'tion .a hexagonal-inut' l 4-througlrwhieh a:- bolt or screw is to'be'threadedif'rorm. below the sheet I! throughasuitable aperture there-int While in the illustrated examplethe nut, which will be described more in detail later, hasia-hexagona-lbody, it willbe und'erstood" that thisspecific shapeof nut is shown and described herein only byway of example and 1 that the principles of the inventionmay equally well'be applied to other'specific shapes inputs or equivalent fastening elements.

V k blank of" stillan a other embodiment' of' basket member,

34 and sides 36 of each notch 32 is approximately 120 degrees. The reason for this configuration will appear later.

. The blank above described is then subjected to a shearing operation for transversely parting the bridge 22 along the line 40 to provide two separate legs 42, the free ends of which terminate in transversely extending feet 44. Ifdesired in the blanking operations the blank it. may be scored along lines indicated by the dotted lines effected by the forming operations. 7

In the first forming operation the blank is shaped to the form. shown in Figs. 6 and '7, the portions to each side of the notches 35! being bent up at right angles to the plane of the base .por- 7 tion. or: the. blank to form fingers Ali: while the feet 44 are. bent downwardly substantially at right angles to the plane of the base as shown more clearly in Fig. 7. I

' 'Ina succeeding forming operation the wings-28 are bentupwardly to positions substantiallyatright angles to the base portion, as shown in Figs. 8' and 9 t-husbringingfingers til-into opposed confronting relation'with the notches 32- facing each other, the wings-withtheir associated fingers prov-iding what may be termed re-entrant confronting arm's. prongs 2b are bent downwardly at-right angles tothe plane of the base and the legs42 are also bent downwardlybut only; to'-- an inclined position as shown more clearly in Fig. 91' Thelegs' 42with thei'r feet 44' provide what maybe termed 8 and 9 isready hooks and f or reasons which will hereinafter more fully appear these portions preferablyare 'bent downwardly to positions such that theou'ter'corners 4'8 ofthefeetfl are tangent to a circle indicated by the-dotted line 50 which coincides with the-curved outer walls of the openings [8 and 26 which have now" been merged' to' provide a cen-- tral aperture'52i The basket member in the form shown in-Fi'gs;

V for assembly with the fastening element with which it is to cooperate, which inthe present instance isthe hexagonal nut M which' as shown in Figs. 10- and 11: comprises a The basket member I ll is'rnade' from sheet imetal' and is formed by a series of blanking and forming. operations which will now be described withreference to' the production of e, basket .member suitable for-use witha hexagonal nut of 1thekind shown in Fi 1. r

In the first operation member l'il' is-blanked' out from sheet materialto havethe form shown this form the blank has a in Figs;2"an-d 3. In I centralbase portion 16 in the central part of [3" and: 20' are which there isleft a; bridge 30 isifurther notched asiat32and,

notches. 32f are parallel" to; the met-crane ofthe member while the included angle between sides main hexagonal body portion having the wrench engaging faces or flats 5 3 and a circularupper portion or rim 54'; these two' portions being joined by a chamfered face 56;!An annular skirt 58' depends around'the bore of the nut from the base face; 60.

In order to effect preliminary assembly of the nut and'basket member thenut is first placed in a the position" relative tohematerial'at each side of each ly to further bend outwa A2.- In the position of the parts shown in Figs. 10'and'11" the nut will be properly centered in the .the basket in the position shown in Figs. 10 and 11. In this position two diametrically opposed edges of the hexagonal portion of the nut project into the recesses 30' inthe arms of the basket member and the adjacent flats 53 bear against faces 62 formed oniingers v 4'5" adjacent to the notches32. As will beobserved 'fr'om Fig. 10 the diametrically opposed edges ofjthe nut overlie therecesses 3 0 so that the extent to which the nut can be pushed downwardly into the basket is limited by abutment' o-fbase 60 of the nut against A The lengthof' the" flange" 581 made such that when the nutis far as" it will go when in the bottom of these recesses.

pushed downwardly as the basket member shown in Fig; lo, the flange will project through'the central aperturerdly 'th'e depend-inglegs In the same operationthe 5-2 in theba se'p'ortion, as will. beseen'in Fig. 11, but will not project suiii'ci'entbled position from which the nut is moved. to an intermediate position of assembly which operates to make of the two parts a single unit frictionally held together with sufficient force to constitute a unitary structure for handling, shipping and installing purposes but still requiring further change of position of the parts relative to each other to a finally assembled position when the unit is installed. As will be seen from Fig. 11, the position of the nut in the preliminarily assembled position is such that portions of the'flats extend above the fingers 46 and with the nut in this position 'the' flats are engaged by a wrench or any other suitable tool and turnedrelative to the basket to the position shown in Figs. 12 and 1 3. In this position, edges between adjacent flats 53 are forced into the notches 32 of the fingers '46 and portions of the flats are engaged by thesides 34 and 36 of the notches. It will be apparent from a consideration of Figs.' wand 12 that for this to beeffected the arms 28 will havert'o be sprung outwardly as shown in Fig. 13, this being accomplished by what amounts to cam action by the flats of the nut when the latter is turned. As previously noted, the angle between the sides 34 and 36 of the notches is 120 degreesso that for a hexagonal nut the sides of the notcheswill solidly engage the fiatsf Obviously, if the portion of the nut to be gripped is of different configuration, the notches in the fingers 36 should be shaped accordingly.

With the parts in the position relative to each other shown in Figs. 12 and 13, the nut is tightly gripped frictionally by the flexed arms, 28, and due to the fact that the notches 'in'the' fingers engage the different faces of thje-n'utandthe fact that the skirt or shank V cated in the central aperture 52 of the base portion of the basket, the nut-is evidently securely held in the basket not only against removal there from in ordinary handling but also against "cocking in the basket. At the same time the'assernbly is not of a permanent nature to the extent that either one of the parts needs to be permanently deformed in order to effect disassembly, so that if, for example, it were found after assembly of a unit that either one of the parts were defective the two parts could readily be separated and the good part reassembled with a part replacing the defective one. p

The unit as above described is ready for attachment to an apertured body of plywood or other material softer than the metal of the basket such as the sheet l2 which, as indicated in Fig. 15, is provided with an aperture 64 the diameter of which is preferably substantially the same, but with a slight clearance, as the diameter of the skirt 58 of the nut. In securing the unit to the sheet, the basket is placed over the aperture with the legs 42 projecting into the aperture and from Fig. 14 the utility of bending these legs downwardly to a position such that the cor-,

ners of the feet 44 assume a predeterminedposition relative to the basket will .be-apparent. From this figure it will'be seen that with'the feet positioned as described theywill'act ascene tering members for exactly centering the basket 58' of the nut islor' locking the basket against 1 as shown in Figs 17 and 18.

clearly seen from Fig. 1'7 the fingers in moving over the aperture in the sheet before the prongs 26 make contact with the surface of the sheet.

After' the basket has been placed over the aper-- ture and centered by means of the feet it is then preliminarily fixed to the surfaces of the sheet by a blow or pressure which operates to embed-the prongs-26 in the material of the sheet as shown in Figs.'15 and 16. This'may be accomplished with any suitable'for'm of forked tool such as that indicated by dotted lines 65 in Fig. which will bridge the nut and bear against the exposed end portions of the centralbase of the basket.-

With the basket seated flush against the surface of the sheet, the final installing. operation, which operates to lock the basket to the sheet and p which also operates to move the parts of the unit to finally assembled and substantially locked position; is effected by a blow on thetopof the nut or other pressure which will operate to force the nut downwardly into the basket until the base face 60 seats against the central base portion of the basket. This movement effects two things simultaneously. When the nut is moved from the position shown in Fig. 16 to the position shown in Fig. 18 the flange 58 of the nut acts to I embed the hooks formed 44 into the side wall of by the legs 42 and feet the aperture 64, thus removal axially from the sheet unless the hooks are torn forcibly through the material of the sheet. .At the same time the downward movement of they nut moves the chamfer 56 to a position below, the level of fingers 46 and these fingers snap over this chamfer to engage the circular portion54 of the nut to this position move. so as. to overlie :the hex? agonal portion of thebody. of the nut and hold it against axial displacement fromthe basket. under the influence of any normal force likely to be exerted against. the nut in a direction tending to force it out of thebasket. The flats, lying-be tween the wings 28, serve to prevent rotation of the nut in the basket. l p

As will-"beobserved from Fig. 19, thelegs- 42 are bent on ai'substantial radius as, indicated at 66 and it is inorder to effect this that the openings l8 andshown in Fig.2 are made-elongated ratherthanhalf-circularin form so that-the legs will be. bent initially from a position outside the radius of the circle (Fig. 8). By bendingthese legs onfan appreciable'radius, any tendency of the base portion of the basket to distort or bulge is avoided and a further embedding of the hooks in theiside wall of'the aperture 64 is effected.

In the device illustrated the nut shown is of 'a known self-lockingtype in which a locking insert 68 of fibre or other elastic material is carried in the nut body for engagement with the threads of a boltor'screw threaded through the nut from the underside of the sheet 'I 2. In any such installation the normal forces acting on the unit will be axially downward as viewed in. Fig. 19 and the substantial area of the base portion of the basket affords means for distributing'the load over an appreciable area of the'surface'of the sheet l2,v

thusminimizing the possibility of pulling the unit through the sheet even if the latter is of relatively weak material. The unit wilLalso besubjectto certain torque forces, and effective resistance ato these forces is effected; even. though theimaterial of l the sheet is: relativelysoft,. by means 1of jthe prongs 26. which are located at a substantial radius -from 1 the axis of they :nutl, -jThese, prongs or their equivalent are notLinall jcases essential,

As will be more [by a threaded boltsuch this: bolt ,isscrewed upwardly into the nutv until 1 readily be installed by i which force is exerted ,tion, such. as a hammer howeverrsincethe extent as whichthe hooks-are embedded in thezwall of theaperture 6G- i-scon- V constitutes a substantially locked assembly, itis possible to remove the nut from-the basket for replacement without injuryto the basket. Such removal can be effected. by a combination of torque and axial thrust applied to the. nut upwardly and away from the basket, asfor example, as is indicated at iii. If

the endof the thread is reached and is then simul- ;taneously twisted actionof the flats exerted on the under sides of and forced upwardly the cam of the nut plusthe axial force the gripping fingers can be made to force the resilient arms 23 outto assume. its position of From this position the be removed bya similar comof torque and axial force byscrewing a the top to a point where be applied to the nut.

basket is efiected in the same way as previously 1 describedin connection with the assembly of an uninstalled unit. While the unit might be removed by a strong axiallyapplied'force alone, 7 i as by a blow; this is not desirable since without 1 the cam action on the arms and tending to spread be permanently'deformed by thenut.

produced by torque described, the unit may use f a: iorkedtool for setting the basket and thereafter by directly While, as previously withdrawn from the basket;

central baseportion isalSmpreferabIy provided.

withreen-forcing ribs. or other-projections to avoid possible. distortion of the base when theforce. re:

quired to embedthe prongs is transmittedit the basket from the nut, rather than directly from an installingtool as shown inFlg. 15.

In Figs. 2,0 and 211 thereis illustrated. a form of blank suitable for single operation installation,

I of about 30 will readily penetrate most matethem, the fingers might striking the 'nut with a hammer or .the.1..like, it

may be desirable in some instances, depending upon the nature of the nut or other fastening. element secured in the basket to installing tool, Y

A special tool suitable for this purpose is disclosed in and forms a part of the claimed subject matter 'of my aforesaid application, Serial No. 478,408, of which this is a continuation-in-part. I have found that for many kinds ofinstallations, the force required to bend the depending, their installed position,

hooks outwardly toward by the nut before it can move from its intermediate assembled position (Figs. 1'5, 16), iscapable of producing. a down-:

ward: axial thruston the basket'member, when downward force is exerted on the nut, sufi'icientto cause the corner prongs to penetrate the material to which the basket member is attached before relative. movement between the nut and bas ket member operates to spread the hooks and lock theunitin place. Thus it is possible in many instances to effect installation by a single operablow or pressure exerted onfthe' nut. or even by screwing a threaded member intothe nut and drawing the unit home by axial-force exerted on the nut from the member screwed intoit 'When; it is desired to provide. a unit that is particularlyadapted to be securedjto'relatively dense material by a single operation the basket member is advantageously provided withrelatively very sharp prongs 'to facilitate penetration and the employ -a 7 special the flat base portion description thereof- 'or more, thin y from the base, to provide aso cal1ed"anchor V nut the tab or welded to attached.v Such installations involve a. multithe prongs 26a in this instance; being relatively sharper than the prongs 26 shown in Fig, 2.; I. have found: that prongs having an included angle.

rials softer than themselvesdueto axial force applied toz-thebasket by the skirt of thenut bearing on the legs of the basket, and will also provide adequate holding power against rotational displacement of-the unit. Inthe present form,

ing or stiffening projections or ribs tBa'. These.

latter are readily formed by suitably shaped rial to which the device is to be attached is rela-v tively-soft, the form shown inFig. '1 and. related:

figures is capable of being installed by a single operation, I V llheforms of the device previouslydescribed are intended primarily for-installation o bodies of relatively thick material (as distinguished from thin metal plates.) which is relatively soft'; such for example as plywood or plastic. There are, however, .manycases where nuts are'req-uired to be attached to thin metal sheets such as in 'strument panels'andthe thin metal skin or other parts of aircraft. I-leretofore such. installations haverbeenmade by forming the nut bodywithone lugs or tabs projecting laterally 01-. tabs, of which ar either riveted: the metal sheet to which the nut is plicity of operations and in the case of rivetedanchor nuts, require the making of accurately located rivet holes. Moreover, the necessary lat-; eral extent of the tabs often makes installation of an. anchor-nut. diihcult if notimpossible-where space'limitations require a smallsize unit;

The principles of the present invention are readily applicable to the production of a device capable of being attached to metal-bodies, inclusive of. thin plates, of aluminum or other metal softer than that of which the basket member. is made, and in Figs. 22 to 28, there is illustrated 'one'form of device suitable for this purpose;

, As shown in. Fig.' 22, the blank Hi5, advane.

notched at H9, the: form of therec'esses and.

notches in the; wings bein as previously described. In the present'case the wings ar'erto'be;

bentup'respectively alongi'the" lines l l2 audit will be' observed that. thev endzedges of-the \tring are shaped: sondetvhatdi'ffeitently than the" corre spending edgesain' the-'previousl'y described form:

I V lb of the blank for the bas J ket member is also deformed toprovide reenforc-- unit, however, may be 7 9'. Inthis instance the edges diverge fromthe line of bending to a place intermediat the height of the wing, as at I I4. Th edges of the outer parts of the wings converge, a at I I6. The reason for this configuration will later be explained.

In the center of the base portion the blank is cut, to provide an aperture I I8 in the form of a cross, resulting in the formationof four triangular tabs I20, for formation into pointed hooks.

The ends of theblank are cut to ,formoppositely projecting relatively short and blunt tabs I22, adapted to be bent respectively along the lines I24. I a a Y 7 Preferably, although not necessarily, the pointed hooks are formed to shape from the tabs I20 before the wings and the end tabs are bent to shape, and one suitable way of forming the hooks is shown in Figs. 23 to 26. Referring to these figures, I26 represents a die, having a bore I28 flared at its upper end by a countersink I30. The upper surface of the die adjacent to the boreis frusto-conical having a surface I32 meeting the countersink surface I30 preferably at right angles as shown. The blank I is first forced down on the die by a suitable punch (not shown) to bend the tabs I20 upwardly as shown in Fig. 23 and then a circular punch I34 is forced into the bore I28 of. the die (Fig. 24 to bend the tips of the tabs I20 down against the countersink surface I30 and also shear the tips to form sharply pointed feet I20a. With the feet thus formed, the blank is placed over a sectional or split die I36 (Fig. 25) having a bore the upper portion I38 of which is conical and which is conically undercut or counterbored at I40. A punch I42 having a frusto-oonical nose I44 is then forced into the bore to bend the tabs down to form hooks having sharply pointed outturned feet I20a as seen in Fig. 26. v g

Figs. 27 and 28 show the blank bent to form the retaining arms from the wings I04, the fin- I ger portions I08 first being bent up and the wings then being bent up along line II2, as previously described. In the present instance, however, the dies and punches for bending the material along these lines are made so that the material is sheared along the lines I46, shown in Fig. 22, to provide sharp prongs I48 which project downwardly from the plane of the base portion of the basket. I Figs. 27 and .28, are in effect continuations of the upright or side wall portions ofthe retaining arms of the basket. The metal at the base of the prongs is not bent or otherwise severely stressed by this operation and due to the diversing end edges II4 of these wall portions the prongs are solidly backed up by the relatively rigid side walls and have, therefore, relatively great penetrating power without bending or breaking, in spite of their comparatively small section. The tabs I22 at the ends of the blank are also bent up as shown in Figs. 27 and 28. y

In Figs. 29 to 31 is shown the manner in which the device just described is installed by a single operation, the hooks having the feet I20a' being shown rotated at 45 out of their true position for clarity of illustration. Fig. 29 shows the unit of basket member and nut ready to be attached to a thin metal sheet I 2a having an aperture 64a the'diameter of which is only slightly greater than the distance across the points of opposite feet 120a, so that the latter can function-to cen-f ter theunit while at the same time having clear ance to movefreely into theaperture. With the unit placed as shown in Fig. 29, the nut is then These prongs, as will be observed from pointed, out a combination for example struck withla hammer, the force of the blow operatingto move the unit to the posithe tabs I20 and bearing-the feet IZUa, these hooks are relativelyrigid; and require a greater axial-force tobeimposed on them by the skirt 58 (of the nut I4 before bendingoutwardly than is requiredto make the prongs I48 penetrate the surface of-the metalsheet. Followingthis lni-" tial action, which operates to seat the base of the basket on the surface of the g of, theblow, resisted by the now firmly supported basket; moves the nut relative to the latter and spreads the books so that the feet I20a penetrate the wall of the aperture 64a as shown in This movement also causes the fingers I08 to snap :QVBI', the top of the nut and as previously 7 of torque and thrust on the nut enables it to be snapped out of the basket.- "In this connection it is to be noted that once the basket is attached, the hooks, the feet of which are embedded in the aperture in the sheet; are sufiiciently strong to-hold the basket attached to the plate without the skirt 58 of a skirted nut of the kind used to apply the basket. Consequently, if after installation the original nut becomes defective forany reason, it can be replaced by astandard skirtless n-ut, which is of snbstantialadvantagein the field Where special nuts may not be available. It is for this reason that; the end tabs vided in order to act as guidesto prevent the qck that in itself acts asa guide. a

Inall of the previously described forms of basket member, two parallel and directly opposed nut holding arms have been provided. This arrangement may, sidedor fhex nuts are most commonly used, there is shown in Figs. 32 and 38 another form of basket particularly suited for such nuts. thi the blank 200. for the basket has a central base portion 202 from' which three projecting Wings 204 are formed, these wings being recessed to provid notched fingers arms having inturned confronting fingers of the kind previously described, between which ajhe'x nut i inserted in the position shown by the dotted line outline 2 I 0 in 33, the nut subsequente 1y being'turned to the 1 gripped position shown bythe full line 2I2. In the example shown, the blank -is provided with a central aperture 2I8 forming three tabs 220 for formation into hooks of the kind described in conection with Figs. 23 to 26. For assisting in holding the basket against a rotation, prongs 24-8 are formed to be bent down penetrate close. to the perimeter of the aperture,

for penetration into the surface of the body to which sthe basketis to be attached. Otherwise,

the ,features of this form of basket and its manner of cooperation with a nut are as previously described and need not be repeated in detail. 1 V

In some cases, it may be desirable to fix the basket to a'fcon'vex rather than a flat surface. and forsuch applicationsit'may be advantageous tolocate the rotation resistingprongs so that they in the sheet to which the basket isfiked. A form of basket with prongs locatedclose' to the aperture engaging hooks is shown in Figs. 34 and 35. In this basket the base portion 302-; is sheared to sheet, the force I2 2 j are preferably proof standard nuts, whichlack the skirt however, be varied and since-six 208' of the kind previously described. The wings are bent up to form provide triangular prongs j trate the surface of the plate 1 aperturelia. In 1 been shown convexly curved, and from Fig. it will beapparent'that prongs located some dis- 1 tance radially away fully penetrate the surface, if at all.

7 located further from ened into pointed feet i211, adjacent the this instance the plate Ila has from the aperture would not Itwill of course be evident that the feet 120a, the aperture, will 1 resistaxial' displacement, and the that the side edges of the hooks sheets, the use of prongs-located some distance from the aperture is usually preferable becauseof the greater moment arm obtained for resisting torque tending; to turn the basket. If the 1 material of the sheet is relatively soft, prongs located very close to the aperture, or hooks special-- ly shaped to resist torque as well as axial thrust,

" may tearthe material of the sheet when prongs the aperture would hold without tearing underthe same torsional stress.

All of the several forms of basket hereinbefore described are adapted for use with skirted nuts.

This does not require the production of special? nuts, since skirted nuts, known in'the trade as. clinch nuts, are used in large quantities and are readily available. --However, the invention is applicable to the production of baskets cooperable with standard skirtless nuts to provideunits capable of being applied in the same manner as already described, "and in type of unit and its application be seen from-Fig. 36, the blank is of the general formpreviously described having a central baseportion- 102 with oppositely disposed wings 404' and recessed atflBB to provide the notched fingers 4&8. The blank is also formed with the end tabs 422 and is sheared at MS to provide for the prongsi iliil. r

Inthis instance this portion of the blank is provided with a star-shaped aperture 4l8flfrom the points of which radial slits 4 I 9 are sheared by a second operatiomso as to provide six tabs 420.

' By means of asuitable die 4'26 and cooperating punch 42'l, the tabs 420 arebent as indicated in Figs. 39 and 40 to provideupwardly bent portions at the bases of the tabs which effect form a frusto-conical surface 450 interrupted by the slots 452 resulting from the spreading of the slits H9. The tipendsof the tabs 420 are bent downwardly to form the leg portions 4540f the hooks and as seen in Fig. 41 thejtips are sharp- 434 cooperating with the die 426.. After these pointed feet have been formed, the' leg portions 54 are bent down was to depend vertically as shown in Figs. {i2 and 43. It will be understood that by suitable bending operations thewingsof the'blank are bent to provide the nut retaining arms and fingers as previously described.

In Fig. 43, the basket is shown located over a Figs. 36 through 44 this isshown. Aswill trate the walls of the plestrength to force th 12 r erates to seat the basket on the plate [2a by causing penetration of the iprongs 448 and which also, by flattening the frusto-oonical ring portion 450, operates to cause the feet 420a to peneaperture 64a. observed from Fig. 43 the pointed feet have what may be tion and as they are bent outwardly to engage the wall ofthe aperture the bevelled faces of the feet assist in causing the feet to dig into the wall of the aperture. It is to be noted in this connection, however, that the curvature of the legs 454 which gives them a conical form makes these parts relatively quite rigid so that they have amfeet into the wall of-the aperture. .7 7

In this form of the device, the hooks engaging. the wall of the aperture are not backed up in their spread position by a skirt on been found that kindillustratedis ample to prevent them from bending under the influence of any axial force 7 thatnormallywould be encountered tending to pull or ush the basket away from'the surface of the plate. The strength of these hooks is such that under excessive axial thrust they willtear throughthe metal of a softer plate before bending out of their embedded-positions.

Inthe previously described embodiments the skirt onthe nut, afterthe unit is installed; operates torfix the position of the nut laterally with respect to the basket. For many kinds of uses, it is desirable for the nutto have a certain amount of lateral play in'any direction in. orderto permit 420a by means of a punch V plate 12a having an aperture 64a ready to be installed by the action of a skirtless nut Ma which is" in assembled position in the basket, as previously described, with the base of the nut resting on the uppermost portions of the bent tabs.

In Fig544; the unit is shown in installed position, installation having for example been effected by a blow on the top of the nut which op- 7 the nut to center itself within the confines of the basket with'respect to a screw or bolt which may not'be exactly centered relative to the aperture in the. plate to which the basket is fixed.

' The present form of unit permits of lateral movement between the nut and basket since after the nut hasbeen moved to installed position in which the fingers have snapped up over the tops of the flats of thenut, the nut is'then free to move laterally in the basket provided the basket is formed with suitable clearance between the arms at the' sides ,of the basket and the retaining tabs at the ends. When such clearance is provided, as is indicated at 456, the nut may be said to float in the basket, it being understood of course, that the amount of the clearance provided in order to permit the nut to float in the basket is limited to an extent which will not ermit the nut to rotate I between the retaining arms.

In some cases it may be desirable to attach a basket to a plate or other body of material, the hardness of which is only slightly less than that of'the'material of which the basket is made, and in Figs. 45 through'52 there is shown an embodiment particularly suitable for attachment to bodies of relatively hard material, as for example heat treated aluminum alloys. In this embodiment, the blank has a base portion 502 from which extend wings 504 having fingers 508,

and'e'nd tabs522, aspreviously described; In the present instance the blank is first punched to provide a central aperture 5I8 shaped to provide six equi-distantly spaced recesses separated by sharp points 5'2l. Radiallyoutwardly from each of these points a small hole 558' is punched and after these holes have beenformed the base is slit along the lines 5 l 9 by a shearing operation. This result's in the formation of siX tabs520 each of which has at its free end a pair pointed feet 29a} "As seen in Fig-46; the tabs are bent "so -that their root 5 portions form a As WilLbe said to be a sharp spade-like configurathe nut but it has the strength of hooks of the of spaced sharply 13 frusto-conical surface 550 as previously described in connection with Fig. 4.0. In this instance, however, the leg portions are convexly curved in vertical plane as shown at 554-, th feet I 20abeing sheared by a punch 534 as previously described.

The tabs are then bent by a subsequent forming operation to the form shown in Fig. 47 by means of a suitable die 56:) and punch 562.

Fig. 48 shows in plan view the shape of the tabs in the intermediate state shown in Fig; 46 and Fig. 49 shows in plan view the finished form of the basket with the hooks corresponding to theform shown in'Fig. 47. From Fig. 49 it will be seen that the feet at the ends of the-tabs curve radially outwardly. I

In Fig. 50, a unit consisting of the basket and a skirtless hex nut l4ais shown in position to be attached to plate In and in Fig. 51 the-unit is shown in installed position. As will be seen from Fig. 51, the sharply pointed feet are forced'into the wall of the aperture 64a at a downwardly sloping angle, this form of attachment being effected by making' the-hooks sufficiently strong so that when the downward force'for' attaching the basket is transmitted through the nut the prongs 548 penetrate plat I2a so that the-basket is seated or substantially seated before the frustoconical roots 550 of the hooks bend to fo'rcethe' feet outwardly into the material of the plateJ- 1 In some instances it may bedesirable tocause the feet of the hooks to penetrate the wall of-th'e' tion so that they assume the final pos 'ltiori indicated in Fig. 52. This is readily accomplished by proper selection of the size of'theholes 558; The larger these holes are made the weaker become the sections" at the roots of the tabs520 and con sequently the books, will bend at their roots upon the application of less force than if holes 558were smaller. Thus, withrelatively large holes 558 and consequently weak sections at the roots of the hooks, bending of the hooks to force thefeet outade to occur before sufiicient force has been applied to thenut to force the prongs 548 very far into the surface of the plate. Only a small amount'of bending of the hooks is sufficient to'cause the feet lZlla to engage the wall of the aperture, such engagement'taking place under the assumed conditions before the base" of the'basket has been seated on the surface of the plate. The further downward movement' f. the basket, in order to seat itself on the plate, after the points of the feet have engaged the wall of the aperture, in conjunction with the further bending action incident to the flattening out of th frusto-conical portions of the tabs, will operate to cause the feet to di into the wall of the aperture while at the same time bending upwardly to a position such as is shown in Fig. 52.

It will thus be seen that the amount of force required to bend the hooks outwardly can readily be varied so that any desired relation, between this force and the force required to cause penetration of the prongs 548, can be secured. From this it follows that by proper selection of dimensions the penetration of prongs and the feet can be made to occur in sequence, or moreor less simultaneously, as desired.

It will be apparent that in this form of the basket, a large number, in this case 12, of very sharply pointed feet can be provided, which are capable of penetrating material which is not a great deal softer than the material of which the feet are made. Even though'individual feet are quite small and the extent of the penetration not more directly radially outwarddirec- I great, the number of feet which it is sible to employ is such that the total holding power is sufficient to retain the basket against axial. displacement by any force less than :that required to tear the feet through the metal of the body to which the basket is attached.

In the various drawings herein referred to, the scale'is substantially larger than-many of'the units actually used. Such units are of particular utility in small sizes wherein for example the basket member may bemade of sheetsteel as thin as .020 inch, with the hooks short enough to engage-the aperture wall of sheets as thin as .025-.040 inch. While'in all cases it is desirable that the feet penetrate the wall of the aperture it will be clear that an efiective attachment can be made even if the sheet is so thin thatthe feet project partially or wholly on there verse side of the sheet. In such cases the resistance'of the feet to torque on the unit is diminished, which is undesirable. J 1

From the foregoingdescription of numerous embodiments it will be apparent that-many different specific forms of devices embodying the various features of the invention in different combinations, and in certain instances using some of such features to the exclusion of others, may be produced withinthe scope of the invention, which is to be understood as embracing all forms of devices falling within the purview of the ap pended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. A basket member for attaching a fastening element to a body havingan aperture, said member including means'engaging'said element to hold it in assembled relation with the basket member, means for penetrating the wall of said aperture to hold the basket member in assembled relation with said body and means for penetrating engagement with the surface of said body to restrain the basket member against rotation.

2. A basket member for attaching. a fastening element .to an aperturedfbody of material "softer than that of the basket member, said member including an apertured base portionfor engaging the surface of said body, prong portions projecting downwardly from said base portion for penetrating engagement with the surface of said body, additional downwardly projecting portions having their free ends positioned to substantial- 1y eng e. e

H wall of' an aperture in said body when inserted herein, whereb to guide said basket member. and center the aperture in the base portion thereof with respect to the aperture said bodybefore said prong portions engage'the surface of said body, and portions projecting upwardly from said. base portion for holding a fastening element in assembled relation with said basket member.

3. A basket member for attaching a fastening element to an apertured body of material softer member, said member,

than that of the basket including an apertured b penetrating the surface of said body to restrain said member against turning relative to said body, means for engaging and penetrating the wall of an aperture in said body to restrain said member against axial displacement from said body and means for engaging a fastening element to hold it in assembled relation with said member.

4. A basket member for holding a nut having ,a polygonal body portion comprising a base por: tion, and a plurality of spaced resilient arms pro jecting upwardly from said base portion, said saidebase ,portion carrying 1 fingers at their free en are bent down into the base portion, said arms carrying spaced. fingers located in confronting relation and said fingers being notched togrippingly engage'betweenthem the corners iormedby the intersections ofi-a plurality of the flats of said body portion when the nut is inserted between said arms. I v I V 6. A basket member for holding a ut having a and parallel resilient arms at opposite sides of spaced confronting ,ds', said fingers be notched to engage the flats of saidbody when 1 hexagonal body portion comprising a baseportion 1 the latter is located between the arms with cer,

tain of its flats parallel with-said arms and said arms being recessed to permit the nut to be inserted to a limited extent between said arms in a'difierent' position of rotationin which corner portions of said body overlie" the recesses in said the notches in said fingers.

arms, said arms being resilient 'andadapted to be '7. A basket member for holding a nut having a hexagonal body portion comprising abase portion and'three equidistantly spaced resilient a'rms carrying spaced confronting fingers at their free ends, said fingers being notched to engage the flats of said body when the latter is located between the arms with certain of its flats parallel with said arms and said'arms being recessed to permit the nut to be inserted to a limited extent between said arms in'adifferent position of m tationin which corner portions of said body over- I lie the recesses in said arms, said arms being resilient and adapted to be flexed outwardly by said "body when the latter is turned from its inserted position to the first mentioned position in which thefiats are engaged by the notches in said fin:

gers.

8. A basket member including a base portion having an aperture, retaining portions extending upwardly from the base portion for holding a fastening element, and a plurality of hooks extending from the periphery of said aperture, the

root portions of said hooks being bent upwardly from the plane of said base portion and the leg portions of said hooks being bent downwardly to depend below the plane of said base portion, whereby to provide portion-s adapted to move outwardly for engagement with the wall of an aperture in a, body'to which said memberis to be attached when the root portions e f-said hooks plane of said base portion.

9. A basket member as set forth in claim 8, in which the envelope of the upwardly bent root portions of said books is a frusto-conical surface.

into a basket member-for attachinganut or the like to a body of softer material, comprising a plate "having a central base portion, wing portions extending from opposite sides of said base portion, the outer edge of each wing portion being-centrally recessed to provide oneachowing two spaced projecting corners, said wings being adapted'to be bent upwardly from said base :portion to provide resilient arms and said corners being adapted to be bent inwardly over said base portion to provide spaced confronting fingers for gripping -a =nut between them at a plurality of spaced places, said base portion having 'a centrally located bridge with an aperture at each side thereof and said bridgebeing adaptedto be transversely par-ted to provide two legs adapted to be bent down to -for;m hooksdepending-rrom the perimeter of 'a central "opening for-med by themerg-ing of said apertures. 7

12. *A sheet metal blank adapted to be formed into a basket member for attaching a nut or the like to a body of softer material, comprising a base portion having extending triangular sharp corners adapted to be bent down to form prongs for penetrating engagement with said body, a centrally located bridge having an aperture at each side thereof, said bridgebeing adapted to be transversely parted to provide twolegs adapted to bed-bent downwardly from the perimeter 6f the opening formed by the merging oi said apertures, and wing portions at opposite sides of said base portions adapted to be bent upwardly and shaped to form arms for holding a nut in position over-said opening.

viding in urned fingers for gripping said element between them, said element havingya body portion of non-circular'perimeter, said fingers being spaced to permit said body portion tobe inserted therebetween in a first position of rotationrelat'ive to the the minor diameter of the non-circular body portion is between said fingers and the noncirculaiperimeter of said body portion engaging and spreading said fingers to flex said arms when turned to a second position of rotati'oiiin which the major diameter of the non-circular body portion is between said fingers, whereh by to hold the parts in frictionally engaged as- 10. A basket member of the-character described comprising a base portion, means including an arm portion bent upwardly froin'the plane of l the base portion for engagementwith a fastening element in the basket and a prong constituting a continuation of said arm portion projecting downwardly below the plane of said base portion.

Y fingers, said element having a siiibled relation. 1

,14. A fastening unit comprising a basket memberand a nut having a polygonal body portion, said basket member having resilient arms providing inturned fingers for gripping said nut between them, said fingers being spaced to permit the insertion of said nut between them in one position of rotation relative to said basket meme her and being notched to engage a plurality of the flats of said body tion of rotation in which said arms are flexed away from each other to cause said fingers to frictionally grip the nut between them to hold the parts in assembled relation and to restrain the nut against turning relative to said basket member. 7

15. A fastening unit comprising, in combination, a basket member adapted to be secured to another body, said member having a base portion and resilient arms projecting therefrom provided with inturned fingers at their free ends, and a fastening element inserted between said base adapted to ll. A sheet metal blankadapted to be formed seat against the base portion of said basket membasket member in which portion in a second ,posi- 17 ber and having a non-circular body portion frictionally gripped between said fingers when the base of the element is tion of said member, the axial extent of said body portion being such as to permit said fingers to move inwardly to overlie a portion of it when said element its base on the base portion of said basket member. Y

16. A fastening unit comprising, in combination, a basket member having an apertured base portion, hook portions depending from the periphery of the aperture adapted to be spread to engage the wall of an aperture in a body to which said member is to be secured and resilient arms provided at their free ends with inturned fingers, and a fastening element comprising a non-circular body portion having a base adapted to engage the base portion of said member and a skirt depending from said base adapted to pass through the aperture in the base portion of the basket member to spread said hook portions, said element being inserted between said arms and said body portion being frictionally gripped between said finger with said skirt in registry with the aperture in the base portion of the basket member and with the base of said body portion spaced therefrom, the axial length of said body portion being such as to permit said fingers to move inwardly to overlie a portion of it when said element is moved inwardly to seat said base on the basket member and to cause said skirt to spread said hook portions.

17. A fastening unit comprising, in combination, a nut and a basket member adapted to be secured to a body having an opening therein, said basket member having a base portion provided with an aperture adapted to register with said opening, portions depending from the perimeter of said aperture for insertion in said opening and upwardly extending resiilent arms frictionally gripping the body portion of said nut between them over said aperture, said nut having a depending skirt adapted to pass through said aperture and into said opening to spread and cause said depending portions to penetrate the wall of said opening when the nut is moved to a position in which the base of said body portion is seated against the base portion of said basket member.

18. A fastening unit comprising, in combination, a nut and a basket member adapted to be secured to a body having an opening therein, said basket member having a base portion provided with an aperture adapted to register with said opening, portions depending from the perimeter of said aperture for insertion in said opening and upwardly extending resilient arms frictionally gripping the body portion of said nut between them over said aperture, said nut having a depending skirt adapted to pass through said aperture and into said opening to spread and cause said depending portions to penetrate the wall of said opening when the nut is moved to aposition in which the base of said body portion is seated against the base portion of said basket member and said arms carrying inturned fingers located to overlie parts of said body portion when the nut is moved in the latter position.

19. A basket member for attaching a fastening element to a body having an aperture, said member including a base portion and resilient spring arms yieldably engaging saidelement to secure spaced from the base poris moved inwardly to seat it in assembled relation with said basket member and to permit it to be disassembled therefrom due to the spring action of said arms and means projecting from the side of said base portion opposite said arms for penetrating the wall of said aperture to hold the basket member in assembled relation with said body.

20. A basket member for attaching a fastening element to an apertured body of material softer than that of the basket member, said member including an apertured base portion for engaging the surface of said body, resilient arms projecting upwardly and inwardly from said'base portion and overlying a portion of said element to releasably secure it in assembled relation with the basket member and to permit its removal therefrom due to the spring action of the resilient portions, and hook portions projecting downwardly from the periphery of the aperture in said base portion for penetrating the wall of an aperture in said body to hold the basket member in assembled relation therewith.

21. A basket member for attaching a fastening element to an apertured body of material softer than that of the basket member, said member including an apertured base portion for engaging the surface of said body, resilient arms projecting upwardly and inwardly from said base portion and overlying a portion of said element to releasably secure it in assembled relation with the basket member and to permit its removal therefrom due to the spring action of the resilient portions, and hook portions projecting downwardly from the periphery of the aperture in said base portion, said hook portions having outwardly projecting pointed feet at their free ends for penetrating the wall of an aperture in said body to hold the basket member in assembled relation therewith.

22. A basket member for attaching a fastening element to an apertured body of material softer than that of the basket member, said member including an apertured base portion for engaging the surface of said body, resilient arms projecting upwardly and inwardly from said base portion and overlying a portion of said element to releasably secure it in assembled relation with the basket member and to permit its removal therefrom due to the spring action of the resilient portions, and hook portions projecting downwardly from the periphery of the aperture in said base portion, said hook portions having transversely extending feet at their free ends for penetrating the wall of an aperture in said body to hotld said member in assembled relation therewi h.

23. A fastening unit comprising, in combination, a basket member and a nut, said member having an apertured base portion, nut retaining portions, and bent hook portions depending from said base portion at the periphery of said aperture, the roots of said hook portions being bent to project above the plane of said base portion for engagement by the base surface of said nut to spread the free ends of said hook portions outwardly for engagement with a body to which the unit is to be attached upon axial movement of the nut relative to the basket to seat the nut and thereby cause said roots to be bent into the plane of the base portion of the basket.

ROBERT LAY HALLOCK. 

